Nicosia The Capital of Cyprus
Nicosia city is the Capital of Cyprus, located in the central part of the island. Nicosia is one of the island’s five major cities. It holds the title of the largest city by both area and population. Archaeological evidence shows that the area has been inhabited since the Neolithic period.
A Rich And Diverse History
Nicosia city has a rich and diverse history, having been ruled by various civilizations over the centuries. It was under the control of the Assyrians, Persians, Egyptians, and Romans before being conquered by the Byzantines in the 4th century. The Byzantine rule lasted for several centuries, during which time Nicosia became an important center of trade and culture.
A Rich and Diverse History
Nicosia’s history reflects the influence of many civilizations. Over the centuries, it came under the control of the Assyrians, Persians, Egyptians, and Romans. In the 4th century, it was incorporated into the Byzantine Empire, marking the beginning of an era of cultural and commercial significance.
Under The Rule of The Lusignan Dynasty
The 12th century brought Nicosia under the rule of the Lusignan dynasty. They constructed the city’s iconic walls to defend it from invaders, structures that still stand and are now a UNESCO World Heritage site. This period also witnessed the building of numerous churches and monasteries, which remain vital historical landmarks.
Conquered by the Ottoman Empire
Nicosia fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1570 and was declared the island’s capital. During Ottoman rule, the city experienced significant expansion, marked by the creation of mosques, markets, and public buildings. The introduction of a localized administrative system left a lasting legacy on the region’s governance.


Under British Rule
In 1878, as part of the Cyprus Convention, Nicosia came under British control. The colonial administration modernized the city with substantial infrastructure projects, laying the groundwork for its growth in the 20th century.

Cyprus Gained Independence
When Cyprus achieved independence in 1960, Nicosia became the capital of the Republic of Cyprus. However, the city faced division in 1974 following the Turkish invasion, making it the last divided capital in the world. This division disrupted communities and altered the region’s dynamics.

A Centre of Commerce, Education And Culture,
Despite its challenges, Nicosia remains a thriving hub of activity. The city attracts tourists with its historical sites and museums while serving as a centre for commerce and education. It is home to the University of Cyprus and other prestigious institutions, contributing to its reputation as a beacon of academic excellence.
The Island Remains Divided
Although efforts to reunify the island have been ongoing, Nicosia continues to reflect the complexities of its division. With its rich history and vibrant culture, the city holds a unique charm. There is hope that future developments will lead to a resolution, ensuring a brighter and more united future for Nicosia.